Scales are easy, you just have to know all the notes and whatever key of the chord you’re playing and you can improvise all of those notes on top.

Example if you’re playing a c chord the three notes that make up a c chord are c, e, g

So from there you know that you can play at least those three notes but if you only hit the notes in the key of C you end up with

C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C

Which will work

Anytime anyone is playing a C major chord you can hit any of those notes and it will sound at least somewhat decent the trick is to land on the note that falls within the scale of the next chord for example let’s pretend the next chord is A

Key of a is A, B, C#, D, E, F#, G#, A

Now play those notes

Just remember that all major triad chords, which is just your basic chord, makes up only three notes, and if you look at a scale those notes are numbers 1,3,5.

So if you’re playing a C chord the three notes involved in that quarter going to be C, E, G.

So if you’re jamming on the court of sea in the next chord is a and make sure the note before a hits can fall into the scale of a. I hope that makes sense that’s what made me click with improvising almost 30 years ago.

To figure out the scale for any key just remember this

Half half whole half half half whole

HHWHHHW

That is whatever the court being played is key for that chord is (starting with the note the chord is based on) (ex C)

W W H W W W H

OR

C D E F G A B C

hope this helps. Music is just math noise.

It gets easy more crazier but that should get you started