Tibees has a video about the Rhind mathematical papyrus, a writing of math problems used for educating Egyptian scribes from 1650 BCE.

It describes finding volumes for cylinders using a formula similar to the modern one but with 256/81 (~= 3.16) as the stand-in for π.

It also has questions on finding concentration of valuable ingredients in finished product. 100L of beer made from 1kg of grain has a lower concentration of grain in the final product than 50L of beer made from the same amount. If you add water to the 50L of beer, it’s value would change and scribes would be expected to calculate the exact change in value.

Just like there’s a large overlap between the smartest bears and the dumbest humans, there’s an overlap between the smartest ancient people and dumbest people today.