You can see this in painful clarity watching the Argentinian railroads. Created and operated by the UK originally, it has a clear shape of a funnel from all over the country towards the main port city, Buenos Aires.
developing countries don’t have enough infrastructure to benefit from wealth
It’s even worse: they have the infrastructure to allow us to profit from wealth. Colonial powers made sure the railroad between the mines and the ports are top notch, so their mineral riches can be carted off efficiently to the metropole.
richieadler@lemmy.myserv.one 9 months ago
Iceblade02@lemmy.world 9 months ago
That’s a general pattern though - sea transport is the most efficient, thus railroads will tend to integrate around important ports. It applies even in the UK.
dragontamer@lemmy.world 9 months ago
China and other advanced nations prove that an export based economy can work though.
vzq@lemmy.blahaj.zone 9 months ago
Export based <> extraction based
beatle@aussie.zone 9 months ago
The machines are Dutch and the designs are made by the customer. The Taiwanese advantage is their government subsidised chip manufacturing. They aren’t wizards.
dragontamer@lemmy.world 9 months ago
Global Foundries up in Buffalo, New York had the same exact equipment and couldn’t get past 12nm.
Taiwan / TSMC is hitting 3nm today (a feat that even Intel and Samsung cannot accomplish yet), and is well on its way to 2nm designs.
They’re fucking wizards who are 5+ years ahead of USA. Thank god they’re allies of us.
kbotc@lemmy.world 9 months ago
The actual research that you’re giving Taiwan credit for is US research. There’s a reason the US was able to tell the Dutch government “You can’t allow this hardware to go to China.”
The basic research for the Extreme Ultraviolet lithography was done at US DOE labs as a hedge against Japan dominating the world semiconductor supply. The US allowed a few companies in as part of the EUV-LLC private-public partnership, and ASML ended up buying out the other players who had the licenses from the US. The EU certainly had a hand in the research after the test bed was built proving it could work. www.sandia.gov/media/ultra.htm
beatle@aussie.zone 9 months ago
nanometer is a marketing term now and doesn’t reflect actual sizes. Samsung were first with “3nm”.
America was doing “3nm” in 2018. You don’t seem to have any understanding of this issue.
From Wikipedia:
Also from Wikipedia: