Comment on đ¤ Interesting
balsoft@lemmy.ml â¨2⊠â¨weeks⊠agoIf a company unlawfully ⌠reproduced protected works in a way that violates copyright law, then it has broken the law and should be prosecuted.
Merely training an LLM on copyrighted material without holderâs permission (and then distributing the weights or selling access to inference on those weights) is a violation of copyright law if it were to be applied consistently (ignoring the fair use argument, which Iâll get back to). That is, if you applied any other computational process in this way, the result would be a derivative work. The reason itâs âdifferentâ this time is that the people violating the law are richer than those who wrote the law in the first place, not because of any legal argument.
As of right now, there are multiple lawsuits against major LLM developers. In some of those cases, the courts have ruled that training on publicly available data can qualify as fair use.
If a court ruled that itâs âfair useâ, that actually lends more credence to the idea that LLM weights are a derivative work - âfair useâ is a defense for copyright infringement that only makes sense in this case if the new work is an unauthorized derivative of the original.
Whether itâs actually fair use or not is another question (I can see the fair use argument for open-weight non-commercial models, not so much for commercial offerings).
BTW, Iâm not even necessarily anti-AI (at least the open-weight, local models). I use a local model in my job almost daily, and also I think itâs mostly good that the entirety of FOSS corpus is available for download in a compressed and easily remixable form. Iâm just pointing out the hypocrisy of the legal system which applies its already unjust copyright law (and most other laws) only against poor people.
mechoman444@lemmy.world â¨2⊠â¨weeks⊠ago
I will admit that it is an interesting argument. As far as I can tell from some toilet-bowl research, that appears to be the tack some of the lawsuits are taking.
My counter would be this: if someone reads ten thousand books and then writes their own story, they are not committing copyright infringement.
In the same sense, someone who paints in the style of Michelangelo or Studio Ghibli does not pay royalties to either of those entities.
It is, in my opinion, a weak argument, even if it is a legally valid one.
balsoft@lemmy.ml â¨2⊠â¨weeks⊠ago
mechoman444@lemmy.world â¨2⊠â¨weeks⊠ago
The conclusion doesnât follow from the premises. Being fixed in a tangible medium is a prerequisite for copyright protection, not a test for derivative works. To show that LLM weights are derivative, you would have to demonstrate that they recast, transform, or adapt the protected expression of specific copyrighted works. Whether neural-network weights satisfy that standard is precisely the legal issue currently before the courts, so it is not âby definitionâ settled. The distinction between human neurons and digital weights addresses fixation, but it does not establish that the weights themselves contain copyrightable expression.
More importantly, both humans and LLMs generate novel responses by drawing on what they have previously learned. A human uses patterns encoded in neural connections to formulate thoughts, while an LLM uses statistical patterns encoded in its weights to generate text. In both cases, the underlying information influences the output rather than being reproduced verbatim. The distinction between biological neurons and machine weights does not, by itself, answer the copyright question. The relevant legal issue is whether the resulting output or the weights themselves contain protectable expression from the original works, not whether the learning system is biological or computational.
Your final sentence also makes an unsupported leap: ââŚmaking it a derivative work of the training material by definition.â Nothing in the statutory definition of a derivative work says that any fixed artifact produced after analyzing copyrighted material is automatically derivative. That conclusion is asserted rather than demonstrated. A derivative work must recast, transform, or adapt the protected expression of an existing work. Simply being created through exposure to copyrighted material is not sufficient.
As an aside, I agree that trade dress can, in limited circumstances, protect a companyâs distinctive visual identity under trademark law. However, that is a separate area of law from copyright and does not materially affect the point I was making. My example concerned copyright royalties for learning and creating in a similar style, not trademark claims based on consumer confusion.
Moreover, I think Iâll end the discussion here. You and I are both unqualified to truly determine or judge whether this is copyright infringement. Weâll see what the courts ultimately decide.
On a personal level, I honestly couldnât care less how it turns out. AI and LLMs donât impact my life in any meaningful way, so I donât have a personal stake in the outcome.
My main concern is that many people donât really understand copyright law itself. Itâs not as simple as saying, âI made this, therefore itâs protected.â Thatâs simply not how copyright works.