It depends on how you look at it. Even before leaving for the Trojan war, he was told he would be lost on the journey home. But during the course of events trying to get home he does piss off Posiedon by blinding his son (a cyclops).

So was it fate, the gods, bad luck? I’m not sure it matters too much, but reading the story and seeing his actions, hubris (which plays a big role in a lot of Greek stories) plays a big part.

Source on the part regarding Posideon - enotes.com/…/why-is-poseidon-angry-at-odysseus-28…