Shutters are less commonly used here, usually found more on older homes. Their intended purpose is protection during storms, but sometimes people install “fake” ones just as decoration.

For light management/privacy, most houses I’ve seen have adjustable blinds inside that you raise or lower to let more or less light in.

A steel “grating” (not sure how it’s called in English) for safety and a twin casement window.

Grating or grates is right, and sometimes people just call them window bars. Usually I see them on the outside, though, but I suppose that can be a look people want to avoid (some people associate them with high crime risk) and maybe I just don’t notice buildings that put them on the inside.