Skimmed most of the thread and there are a lot of guesses, the actual answer is presumably impossible given the parameters. Asset management tracking software is pretty much permanent tracking these days, screen idle time, keystrokes per minute, application focus tracking. A lot of higher end devices have gps chips in them by default, your works VPN reports it’s trace route so it will have general geographic location. Microsoft and Google cooperate accounts even offer remote hard drive wipes to protect company secrets, regardless of the location. My work gets reports of where people connect from as part of the RTO policy. We had someone working from their parents house for a few weeks and got emailed by HR asking why they were logging in from an unapproved area. Most places can pull this data, but not all of them act on it.