It’s not really a thing, at least legally at any statistically significant scale. Economic migration is one of the great issues of our time because it’s hard to do that anywhere.

It’s gotten more difficult in many places since the tiny percentage of Americans who say they’d move out of the country has turned into a slightly less tiny percentage, but you can do your family history to see where your most recent immigrant ancestors came from, and then see if that country’s laws permit you to get a passport or otherwise have an easier path. That doesn’t really make it cheap, but it does mean you might have somewhere to go where being broke won’t get you sent back to the US. The process itself is also usually only “cheap” compared to arranging some other means of immigration.

If you are fairly young and have a somewhat neutral North American accent, there are still programs of varying respectability across east Asia that will let you get work as an ESL teacher.

Then, they’re hardly the type of places that will make you miss the US, but the gulf states have had their guest worker economies rocked by the Iran war, and work permits for jobs worth doing might be easier to get than usual.

If things are really bad, you can try to claim asylum somewhere, but unfortunately most of the places willing to accept that someone is politically oppressed in the great and free USA to the point of permitting an asylum claim is likely to be a tough place for an American to make a new start.

Finally, I suppose there’s always just buying the cheapest international ticket you can find and overstaying your visa, bringing us full circle to undocumented economic migration. Imagine the desperation one must feel to take those risks.