In this example, where only the sun is pictured in relation to an indoor window, and no other information is present, it would be very difficult to make any kind of meaningful calculation. You could probably identify some information about the camera based on the proportion of the disk of the sun, but unless you had some additional information, such as the precise dimensions/compass direction of the window, or the location of the horizon, It would be impossible to make a calculation of this type. There just isn’t enough information.