I’m going to mostly focus on the more legitimate answers since you already seem to know some of this was possibly / probably oversight / neglect and that they should have given you more.

a) the big one is pressure from regulatory agencies to prescribe less narcotics. Some of this is legitimate; a lot of the opiate crisis was started by pharma companies lying about how habit forming their medications are and intentionally encouraging dependency to sell more, but a lot of it is also just straight up puritanical and part of efforts to disrupt minority communities that are more affected by illicit drug use. In the end though, there’s little individual prescribers can do about it.

b) There’s legit specific medical reasons sometimes. If you had a bowel obstruction opiates are actually specifically contraindicated since they’re the medications MOST likely to cause constipation. Now if surgical intervention was the best option it might make sense to give them anyway, but there may have been some waffling on what the best option was and they couldn’t un-give you the meds if they did decide to have you pass it with medication / enemas instead of surgery. And bowel surgeries have a huuuge possibility of sepsis and having to have vital organs removed so that’s not a decision to make lightly.

c) there’s huge pressure in institutional environments to do ANYTHING to prevent falls. In addition to getting stingy with sedatives that might make you dizzy there’s also pressure to have 1:1 care where people watch the patient in the bathroom and we used to even restrain old people to keep them from falling (although thank goodness that’s finally falling out of favor). To get rid of that we’d have to accept that sometimes people just fall and crack their head open and die and that’s life but we’re just not there yet as a society. In the US everything needs to be someone’s fault and if the doctor prescribes a sedating med and I give it and you fall, it’s partially considered my and the doctor’s fault. If we do ALL the environmental AND don’t give sedating meds, it’s considered less our fault.