Most of the things you mentioned like insects and spiders don’t have a mind. Their brains are too small for anything resembling a mind. It’s all instinct, learnt responses based on stimuli.

Something like a cat or a dog is smart enough to have some kind of internal concept of the world around them, but still very limited. It’s hard to say how much of a mind they have, but it’s much simpler than the one humans have. There are simply cognitive tests one can do on small children, which most animals fail. Although cats are notoriously hard to test in these kinds of things, because they don’t give a fuck and if they don’t feel like cooperating they just won’t.

But humans are unique in this aspect, the way we have minds is something no other animal has. It’s the unique trait that has made us masters of this planet (for better or worse, probably worse). Perhaps some animals like dolphins and some apes can come closer, but their mind would be similar to a very young child at best.