The specifics will vary by jurisdiction. The state I live in, you can collect unemployment if fired but it has to be determined that you were not fired for noncompliance with workplace policies or illegal actions. For example if you stole from the cash register and got caught and fired you would not be able to collect unemployment. But if you were fired for poor performance you can receive unemployment

I learned this after a recent workplace decided to make up performance reasons to fire me. The state opened an investigation to determine if unemployment benefits should be paid out, which involved asking both myself and the previous employer about the stated reasons for the discharge, if any written or verbal warnings were given, etc. Hilariously my old employer dropped the entire line of reasoning and just said “it didn’t work out” when the investigator for the state spoke with them. I also then learned that the maximum unemployment benefit in my state is only $1200/month which won’t cover most folks rents so that’s practically useless!