Agreed with this, you might be able to salvage the shoe if you’re okay with it being noticeably stained, otherwise it’s best to just accept the loss and move on.

Also, throwing up in shoes is usually personal, but not always. Maybe try and think about why your cat is upset. Not enough food/water? Litter box dirtier than usual? Naps getting interrupted? Strangers in the house? Or maybe the cat is just an asshole, equally likely