At a meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (Ipac) on Friday, Luke de Pulford, its executive director, said: “About a year ago the Belgian and French foreign ministries publicly confirmed [Chinese state] sponsored cyber-attacks against our members.

“Other countries have done the same privately. Beijing has made no secret of their desire to attack foreign politicians who dare to stand up to them.”

Last year, a parliamentary researcher was arrested over allegations of spying.