2011: "Ron Paul: Sanctions against Iran are 'acts of war' - Los Angeles Times" https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2011-dec-29-la-pn-ron-paul-sanctions-act-of-war20111229-story.html

2014: "Ron Paul slams US on Crimea crisis and says Russia sanctions are an 'act of war'" https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/15/ron-paul-crimea-russia-sanctions-act-of-war

2022: "Are Sanctions Acts Of War?" March 4, 2022

"Economic sanctions seek to impoverish and sicken the civilians of the sanctioned nation. They also place heavy economic costs on the civilians of nations imposing the sanctions. To add insult to injury, the track record of sanctions forcing political change is disgracefully bad as well."

https://www.iheart.com/podcast/256-ron-paul-liberty-report-31043608/episode/are-sanctions-acts-of-war-93704130/

The Future of Freedom Foundation: "Sanctions Are an Act of War"

"If the Pentagon suddenly bombed North Korea, killing thousands of North Korean citizens, that would clearly be considered an act of war. Yet, when the U.S. government intentionally targets North Korea with economic sanctions that kill thousands of North Koreans through starvation or illness, that’s considered to be simply a peaceful diplomatic measure. That’s odd because from a practical standpoint, people are dead either way — from bombs or sanctions."

https://www.fff.org/2017/09/08/sanctions-act-war/