Microsoft’s implementation of the feature is called Windows Update Delivery Optimization.

…microsoft.com/…/windows-update-delivery-optimiza…

Here’s a short optimisation guide: ctrl.blog/…/windows-delivery-optimization.html

Fundamentally it’s not like the Bittorrent protocol, even though there are similar behaviours and the result is the same. Microsoft retains the ability to stop the network from seeding updates and has ways of only targeting specific supported configurations to receive new updates.