As I understand it, we have them by omission. So our constitution and legal framework grants specific abilities and powers to the various levels of government to allow it to perform its functions, and anything else that isn’t explicitly mentioned is unrestricted.

It’s relatively easy to have creeping expansion of powers eroding rights in this setup, but conversely, you don’t have to think up and deal with every particular right that you want enshrined in law right now, you can let the “everything’s allowed by default” part carry things along.