Those were generated by an AI. I dont know about the others but Stable diffusion can do that using controlnet.

Now this might not be accurate but most of these images are made by asking it to generate cats (and of course you prompt for everything else: backgrounds and details). Then you would take a picture of the words you want, so like open up a text editor and type what you need+screenshot. The words pic goes into the ControlNet module and i think you set it to use the “Tile” controlnet or i feel like Lineart works too maybe.

Hopefully this is enough to build on and get to what you want