I understand why you are putting them together but I think only the CPI measures inflation, there are other indexes also but inflation has to do with the value of money decreasing over time.

The supply of money is inextricably linked to inflation but an increasing money supply is not inflation, under certain circumstances you could have no, or negative inflation, with increasing money supply. If you had high demand for currency due to large volumes of exports for example.

In short the terms you want are inflation and money supply.

Disclaimer: I dropped out of an undergraduate economics degree about 2/3 through around 15 years ago. I believe this is correct but please anyone correct me if not.